Term 5 Study Guide:

SECTION C: Jane Nguyen, Jamal Mason, Ebonèe-Rae Mascall, & Julian Ledoux

What we read this term:
In the Literature Book
The Minister’s Black Veil (TMBV) by N. Hawthorne
Rappaccini’s Daughter by N. Hawthorne

Book of the Term
The Crucible by Arthur Miller

The Characters:
The Minister’s Black Veil
Reverend Hooper – a man that feels horrible guilt for a crime that he committed. As result, wears a black veil hiding his face everyday until the day of his death.

Elizabeth – Hooper’s fiancé, she broke the engagement with Hooper when he refuses to take off the veil, but is the only one that stays by his side at the time of his death.

Rappaccini’s Daughter
Rappaccini – a scientist that is so dedicated to his life work that he turned his daughter into a living experiment. He can also be described as a “demented scientist”

Giovanni – a young scholar who goes to Paris to further his education, there he meets Beatrice the young and beautiful daughter of Rappaccini. He falls in love and learns the evil secret behind Beatrice and the garden she spends so much time in.

Beatrice – a young maiden who lived most of her life in the confines of her home and her garden. She was a living experiment of her father, her breath could kill animals. She falls for Giovanni and ends up turning against her father and ends up drinking a liquid in a vial given to her by Giovanni and dies.

Baglioni – Giovanni’s teacher/advisor. He considers Rappaccini a rival and warns Giovanni of the risk of being with Beatrice. In the ends he gives Giovanni a vial and claims it contains the “cure” to Rappaccini’s garden of poison but truly did it out of spite.

The Crucible
Abigail Williams – she is Parris’s niece. When was caught dancing in the woods she took the chance to save herself and started accusing innocent people of witchcraft. She is a manipulative girl and is willing to lie to court officials, betray friends, and even commit murder. In the end she runs away from Salem leaving behind the chaos she started.

Betty Parris – Parris’s daughter. She is also caught in the woods with Abigail. Her fake symptom of witchcraft is what set off the hysteria in Salem.

Parris – he is the reverend in Salem who used to be a businessman. He did not change his life after he had “turned to God.” He still looks for opportunities to get money and is very concerned with his own reputation. He puts himself before his daughter and at a point even the lives of those accused.

John Proctor – a hardworking man who spends most of his days in the fields rather than the church. His relationship with Abigail leads to the imprisonment of his wife Elizabeth Proctor. In the end when he attempted to denounce Abigail he ended up being denounced himself. In the end when he refused to sign his confession he is lead to hang.

Elizabeth Proctor – a God fearing woman who follows the church and gospel much more closely than her husband. She resents Abigail for the relationship Abigail has with her husband, and she constantly reminds her husband of his lechery. But when it came to telling the truth to the court about her husband’s relationship with Abigail she lied, leading to her husband being denounced. She is accused of witchcraft and is jailed but has a chance to live on longer because she is with child.

Reverend Hale – he comes to Salem on the request of Parris to find any witches that resides in Salem. He is devoted to his work and enforces the laws against witchcraft. When the truth is finally revealed to Hale he quits the court only to come back to ask the innocent to “confess” so that they may live.

Mary Warren – she is the Procter’s servant and is the friend of Abigail. She was a reliable “witness” of the court until Elizabeth was arrested. She then, under John’s command, goes to court to denounce Abigail. Abigail then turns the court against her and she, saving herself, denounces Proctor.

Literary Terms:
The Minister’s Black Veil
Theme: everyone sins
Symbol(s): the black veil – the shame and guilt Hooper feels for his guilt
Motifs(s): the black veil

Rappaccini’s Daughter
Theme: Looks can be deceiving and knowledge can be dangerous
Symbol(s): the garden – represents how beauty can be deadly
Represents Beatrice
Represents how dangerous extensive knowledge can be
This all ties together to show the irony because in the end Beatrice was lethal and she came from the garden
Motifs(s): the garden. Beauty and death.

The Crucible
Theme: The accuser is not always right.
Symbol(s): the poppet – though it was meant for good it end up leading Elizabeth to her imprisonment.
Motifs(s): witchcraft/witch trials – relate to the Red Scare
Conflicts:
The Minister’s Black Veil
External conflicts: Hooper is feared.
People avoid him and children run from him.
Elizabeth leaves him because of his refusal to remove the veil.
Internal conflicts: Guilt he feels for his sins.
Not being able to tell anyone.
Resentment towards people who were so close to him is now avoiding him.

Rappaccini’s Daughter
External conflicts: Beatrice’s breath can kill.
Giovanni is now poisoned.
Baglioni is against Rappaccini and is using Giovanni to “get back” at Rappaccini.
Internal conflicts: Giovanni is conflicted, now that his breath is killing living things to he is angered because Beatrice had lead him to this but he loves her too much to do anything about it.

The Crucible
External conflicts: Abigail and her friends are accusing the innocent of Salem of witchcraft. Hundreds are to be hanged.
Internal conflicts: John Proctor didn’t want to expose the truth about Abigail in the beginning because he had feelings for her. Then she goes and accused his wife. Now he has to make his choice, wife or girl?

SO WHAT?
So why did we spend all term reading and thinking over what The Minister’s Black Veil, Rappaccini’s Daughter, and The Crucible is all about and how it relates to us. It is because all of these stories represent a part of us as human nature and as Americans.

Through the Minister’s Black Veil we learned of something we keep to ourselves for as long as we knew what the word “secret” meant. And we are meant to realize how, even when we don’t try to, we are all wearing our own veil. We all have a secret and like Hooper we should admit it.
Through Rappaccini’s Daughter we learn that beauty is not always as lovely as it seems, like the Venus Fly Trap with its sweet smell it is in fact deadly. It teaches us to never judge a book by its cover. Also this story teaches us that knowledge can in fact be deadly. As Rappaccini follow his dream for the ever more knowledge he only ends up leading his own daughter to death.
And finally through The Crucible we learn a little more of our history of hysteria. As humans and as Americans we have had our fair share of hysteria and it is always due to someone pointing the fingers and everyone else listening to the accuser and never the accused. We, hopefully, are meant to learn from our past mistakes and learn to not be so persuaded by one “appointed” to lead us to only hysteria










SECTION D: The Crucible by Arthur Miller

· Major Characters
o John Proctor- a well respected farmer that is fighting for the life of his wife. He had an affair with Abigail
o Abigail Williams- a young woman that causes the witch scare. She accuses a number of people of being witches including proctor’s wife. She has a love interest in John.
o Elizabeth Proctor- Wife of John. She is a very faithful Christian who is accused by Abigail of being a witch. She kicked her out after she founds out about the affair.
o Mr. Hale- A young minister that starts the investigation for witches. He later backs away from the trial as he finds out that the girls are lying about witchcraft.
o Reverend Paris- the minister of Salem. He cares more about his image and reputation than religion. He is also uncle of Abigail.
o Judge Danforth- the supreme judge of the trials. He believes that what he is doing is the right thing.
o Thomas Putnam- a wealthy landowner that accuses other people of witchcraft so he can buy their land.
o Ann Putnam- mother of 7 deceased children with Ruth the sole survivor
o Mary Warren- servant girl of the Proctors. She confessed to everybody about lying but later accuses Proctor of being a witch for fear of being called a witch.
o Giles- An old man that fights Putnam for his lands. He dies because he did not want to give up the name of the witness that testify against Putnam.

· Brief Summary
o The Crucible depicts the Salem witch trials in 1692. Abigail Williams and other Salem girls accused other people of witchcraft because they did not want to face their punishment. John Proctor had an affair with Abigail. It is later known that his wife Elizabeth kicked Abigail and damaged their relationship. Abigail blames Elizabeth as to the reason why John denies their relationship and accuses her of witchcraft. John knowing that the girls are lying tries to convince the town and Judge Danforth of the truth. In the end, he is accused of witchcraft and is hanged.





Literary Terms
Motifs, symbols and themes
The Red Scare influenced this book therefore one theme is everyone panicking and going crazy. People were scared of Communism like the Salem people were scared of witchcraft.
The Crucible is like the Red Scare so it connects to McCarthyism. McCarthyism was one person causing chaos by saying he had a list of names that were communist. The Crucible connects directly to the Communism scare.
Conflicts
John Proctor
Internal - Confessing to witchcraft, writing a confession, pinning the confession to church doors, guilty to adultery.
External – The court/ church = John Proctor dislikes the church and court and how it handles the witchcraft issue. John Proctor feels that it is all untrue and Danforth just doesn’t see it. John Proctor disliked the court ever since Elizabeth was taken away.
Abigail vs. Elizabeth (External)
Abigail dislikes Elizabeth
Abigail wanted John
Abigail mentioned Elizabeth’s name in court to witchcraft.
Accused Elizabeth of stabbing her with the doll with a pin hidden in it.
Parris (Internal)
Keeping his reputation and ministry
Keeping the dancing business of the girls a secret from Danforth
Important Passages for analysis
Page 10-11
Abigail is questioned by Parris and lies. “It were sport, uncle!”
Page 20
Abigail tells everyone else to tell the same story as her.
Page 24
Abigail talks to Proctor and asks cute. “I look for John Proctor that took me from my sleep and put knowledge in my heart!”
Page 42-48
Abigail blames Tituba, and Tituba confesses. Abigail and the other girls start to blame other wives.
Page 54
“You will not judge me more…” John Proctor tells Elizabeth that he should have just shut her up because he confessed and told her everything but she still suspects him.
Page 60
“I am bound by law, I cannot tell it.” Mary Warren tells Proctor about the court and how Elizabeth has been mentioned by she will not say by whom because she is an official by court and she cannot be ordered around.
Page 63-71
Reverend Hale visits Proctor and his wife. He questions them to see how their family life is. Hale also asks Proctor to recite the Ten Commandments to which Proctor misses one which Elizabeth informs him is adultery.
Page 109
Abigail makes up a shadow because Mary Warren confessed that all the witchcraft was fake.
Page 110
Proctor confesses to committing adultery with Abigail and calls her a “Whore.”
Page 113
Elizabeth cannot tell the truth that Proctor had an affair with Abigail.
Page 118
Mary calls Proctor the “Devil’s man.” Proctor is than taken away. Reverend Hale also leaves the court.
Page 126
Abigail and Mercy Lewis disappear.
Page 138
Proctor confesses to witchcraft for Elizabeth and his kids.
Page 142
Proctor is told to write a confession to be hung in front of the church door but Proctor refuses to.
So What?
Do not lie! Lying is bad. Panicking is also bad. A wide spread scare like communism or witchcraft was nothing big and should not have been thrown out of proportion. The Crucible is important to our society because it shows that we as a society panic and go hysterical over something that is not a big deal and may not even be true. This book can help our development by showing us that people should not exaggerate unnecessarily. McCarthyism is just like the Salem witch trials.

Rappaccini’s Daughter By Nathaniel Hawthorne

Major Characters

Giovanni- Young medical student, falls in love with Beatrice.
Beatrice- Rappaccini’s daughter yet also his “experiment.”
Dr. Rappaccini- Researcher of the medicinal properties of plants, Beatrice’s father.
Baglioni- Giovanni’s friend and also Dr. Rappaccini’s rival.

Brief Summary
Giovanni starts to go under the wing of Dr. Rappaccini in his study of exotic plants in his garden. Dr. Rappaccini gives over the task of cultivating his plants to his daughter Beatrice who seems to have a primitive version of a “green thumb” when taking care of the plants. He even has her care over the poisonous plants which seem to flourish under her care. However, Beatrice starts to depend on the plants just as much as they depend on her, "Give me thy breath, my sister, for I am faint with common air." Giovanni becomes amused and attracted by Beatrice’s presence in the garden but also fearful. After spending time caring for the poisonous plants, Giovanni notices a change in Beatrice. He witnesses small creatures and normal flowers dieing in the presence of Beatrice who seems to be now in sync with the poison from the various plants she tends. Giovanni still socializes and falls in love with her despite her new obtained qualities and pretty soon he not only becomes immune to her poisonous fumes, but also starts to become poisonous himself when he noticed he is able to kill insects too with his breath. He then turns to his friend Baglioni who was able to convince Giovanni that Beatrice has been living as Dr. Rappaccini’s “scientific experiment.” Baglioni aids him with an antidote that can counter the poison and suggests to give it to Beatrice first. The purpose of the antidote was to revert Beatrice to her normal condition, but instead she becomes sick and dies.
Literary Terms
Irony- Hawthorne notes, "as poison had been life, so the powerful antidote was death." Basically and ironically, the poison is what kept Beatrice living and the antidote is what killed her.

Hubris- Dr. Rappaccini was wrong to think that he, a mortal, could be like a god by attempting to improve natural creation. Penalty for such a deed was the death of his daughter.



Adam & Eve- This story somewhat relates to the biblical story of Adam & Eve of how all of Dr. Rappaccini’s experiments are started in the garden (Garden of Eden, where Adam & Eve were created).


So What?
This story’s purpose was to teach people to accept living things for the way they are and that it is wrong to try and force something or someone into something different that seems appeasing to that person’s view. It is like trying to make someone live their life as lie or trying to replace someone’s photo album, kind of like brain washing. Can’t simply change a person like or if they don’t want to. Some people would rather be hated for who they are rather than be loved for who they are not.

The Minister’s Black Veil By Nathaniel Hawthorne

Major Characters
Reverend Hooper- A well-respected Minister of a small Puritan town who suddenly stars wearing a black veil over his face which concerns his people.
Elizabeth- The Reverend’s fiancée who leaves him when he refuses to take off his veil, even for her
Reverend Clark- A young priest who comes to pray at Hooper’s deathbed and who asks the Minister to take off his veil during his final hours.
The Townspeople- The people play an important role, because even though their names aren’t mentioned, they are the 4th character and their reaction to the veil is crucial to the story.
Brief Summary
Mr. Hooper is a respected Minister in a small Puritan town. One day he unexpectedly begins to wear a black veil which completely covers his face. This causes much commotion in the village, especially because he refuses to give a reason for his behavior. He goes on with his tasks (masses, weddings, funerals), never taking the veil off. He quickly becomes the hot topic of the village. The townspeople all speculate as to what the reason for this unusual behavior might be. Hooper, however, refuses to tell his people his secret. He gives vague explanations and repeatedly says that he sees a black veil on everybody’s face, although not physically visible. He remains secretive even with his fiancée, Elizabeth, who leaves him soon after. The Minister’s face remains covered even at his deathbed, where even though he is repeatedly asked to, he refuses to take off the veil. The idea for the story possibly came from a Minster whom Hawthorne knew, who accidentally killed a friend of his and wore a black veil for the rest of his life.

Literary Terms
Motif, symbols, and themes
The black veil symbolizes a secret sin, which could be either a real, secret sin one committed or the fact that everyone is a sinner (a Christian belief, especially emphasized by Puritans).

Conflicts
Hooper vs. himself; Mr. Hooper is obviously fighting an internal battle with himself and his conscience.
Elizabeth vs. Hooper; Hooper refuses to tell his fiancée his dark secret which leads to the split between the two.

Literary Devices
Symbolism; symbolism is the most important part of the story because the symbolism and meaning of the veil are the main theme of the story.

Important Passages
“Tremble also at each other! Have men avoided me, and women shown no pity, and children screamed and fled, only for my black veil? What, but the mystery which it obscurely typifies, has made this piece of crape so awful? When the friend shows his inmost heart to his friend; the lover to his best beloved; when man does not vainly shrink from the eye of his Creator, loathsomely treasuring up the secret of his sin; then deem me a monster, for the symbol beneath which I have lived, and die! I look around me, and, lo! On every visage a Black Veil!" (273)
Mr. Hooper screams this when asked to take his veil off on his death bed. Here lies the theme of the story, that every one is a sinner, whether in the biblical meaning or the nobody-is-perfect meaning. The Reverend’s last words are accusing the ones around him of being all worthy of wearing the same veil that put a shadow over his life and what’s believed to symbolize the dark secret he is keeping.
SO WHAT?
We read this to see yet another perspective of the Puritan life and culture, which was a big part of this year’s course. It shows the mentality of Puritans and the reality of life for the first settlers of our country. The repentant Reverend who puts an invisible wall between himself and the world as well as the gossip-loving people makes a good picture of those times. Also, the symbolism in the story and the message that everyone is a sinner and has something on their conscience are very interesting and crucial in understanding the times. They are ideas worth considering as well.




The Cold War, Propaganda, and Japanese Internment

Called “Cold” because no direct fighting took place.
US wanted to spread Capitalism and USSR communism and socialism.
Indirect conflicts took place in Korea, Vietnam, Latin America, Laos and Cambodia
US also sent billions to Greece and Turkey to prevent communist regimes from taking hold (Marshall plan).
· Anti-communist hysteria began after the Russian Civil war (1920’s, Sacco and Vanzetti.), but ballooned after WWII, when the Soviets established satellite countries in Eastern Europe, as well as blockaded Eastern Germany in a power bid.
· HUAC (House Un American Committee)
o Organized by Congress in 26 May 1938. (during the Great Depression). Established to seek out American Socialists, Fascists, Communists etc, though quickly narrowed in on Communists.

· Rosenberg’s and Alger Hiss.
o The Rosenberg’s (Ethel and Julius) were a Communist, Jewish couple who were tried for espionage (selling atomic secrets to the USSR) and executed in 19 June 1953, they were the first civilians in US history executed for Espionage. Alger Hiss was a New Deal supporter who was accused by Whittaker Chambers of Espionage. After the statute of limitations ran out for espionage, he was prosecuted for perjury, which lead to a hung jury.
His second trial resulted in 5 years prison. In 1992, a Russian general declared him innocent.

· McCarthy and McCarthyism.
o Joseph McCarthy was an Appleton WI Republican senator, who after an innactive term and fear of losing party support, claimed to have a list of 205 communists in the State department. (he alternatively used 57 persons; the list has never been proven, nor at the time was it shown to any in the media or government.)

· Propaganda
o Messages in media to influence thinking, actions and advertising. “Commercials”
Can be overt or subliminal, have a target demographic or try to appeal to all
· Bandwagon- everyone is buying/thinking/acting this, as should you.
· Testimonial- endorsed by either a celebrity or a common person (the latter also being know as Plain folks)
· Transfer- associates message with a popular established message, movement, symbol etc.
· Fear- message states (direct or indirectly) that the message or product is necessary for Survival (physical, political, social, economical etc)

· Japanese Internment
o During WWII, the Japanese Empire was loosely aligned with Germany and Italy,
causing much fear that Japanese Immigrants were still loyal to the Japanese Government and were subverting the war effort.
o Executive Order 9066 Law allowed authorized military leaders to select and round up any person or Japanese ancestry (citizen-noncitizen, immigrant-native born, mixed race etc.) and relocate them to exclusion zones in the middle of the country. Persons detained also lost rights to any property and most possessions.
· The Order was rescinded entirely on 2 January 1945, persons interned were given $25 and a train ticket to their former home.









SECTION G: Thao Ha, Kevin Harkess, Danny Grewe, Hector Hernandez, Tara Hollins
Section: G

Term 5
“The Crucible” by Arthur Miller

Setting: Salem, Massachusetts, spring of 1692

Characters:
Reverend Samuel Parris- Minister in Salem. Worries about his reputation more than anything.

Abigail- Parris’ niece. Starts the witch trials by accusing others. Pretends to see spirits. Madly in love with John Proctor. Plans to get rid of Elizabeth Proctor to be with him.

John Proctor- Salem farmer. Committed adultery with Abigail. Openly condemn Parris and do not attend church.

Elizabeth Proctor- Wife of John Proctor. An honest woman who fired Abigail because of her affair with her husband. Got accused of witchcraft by Abigail.

Reverend John Hale- Minister in Beverly. Was called up by the people of Salem to look into Betty’s condition to see if it was witchcraft. Supports trials but changes his mind when he figures out Abigail is lying.

Deputy Governor Danforth- Judge serving in Salem during the trials. He signs the death sentences to people refusing the accused crime(s). Refuses to delay execution for fear he will appear weak by townspeople.

Marry Warren- Servant to the Proctors. Admits lying after going along with Abigail and the other girls. Was part of the jury.

Betty Parris- Parris’ daughter. Got caught dancing in the woods and pretended to be sick. Accused people of witchcraft.

Mrs. Putnam- Believes that witchcraft is responsible for the death of her 7 children and accuses Goody Nurse of being a witch.

Mr. Putnam- Greedy landowner in Salem. Accuses neighbors of witchcraft.

Ezekiel Cheever & Marshal Herrick- Appointed by the court and assisted in arresting accused individuals.

Sarah Good- Begger in Salem (was poor/homeless) and first one to be accused.

Tituba- Parris’ black slave from Barbados and was discovered casting spells and making potions with the girls in the woods.

Giles Corey- An elderly farmer in Salem. Challenges the court in order to defend his wife who was accused. Was pressed to death.

Judge Hathorne- A judge of the court

Mercy Lewis- Servant of the Putnams and friends of Abigail. Pretends to see spirits and accuses others of witchcraft.

Francis Nurse- Farmer and landowner of Salem. Respected member of the community and often calls forth to settle disagreements.

Brief Summary:
“The Crucible” is about the Salem witch trials that were started by a group of girls (Abigail, Betty and others) who were caught dancing naked in the woods by Reverend Parris. This book deals with the mass hysteria of witchcraft that was push upon the Christian community. People lost all common sense and started to accuse one another of witchcraft in fear of losing their life and/or creditability and these witch trials worries everyone in town. Even though it was all a lie, almost everyone bought what Abigail and the other girls were saying about spirits. Abigail’s love for John Proctor forces her to accuse John’s wife, Elizabeth, of witchcraft which causes John to confess to the court of his adultery in order to save his wife. This ends with Abigail and Mary Lewis running away because they were caught lying and Elizabeth looking on as her husband was being led to the gallows to be hung.

Important passages for analysis
“I made a gift for you today, Goody Proctor. I had to sit long hours in a chair and passed the time with sewing.”
-Who said it: Mary Warren
-Meaning: This means that Mary Warren spent her time sewing instead of listening in the courtroom.
-Significance: This passage shows how nonchalant Mary Warren feels about the whole witchcraft situation
“No more! I should have roared you down when first you told me your suspicion. But I wilted, and, like a Christian, I confessed. Confessed! Some dream I had must have mistaken you for God that day. But you’re not, and let you remember it! Let you look sometimes for the goodness in me, and judge me not.”
-Who said it: John Proctor
-Meaning: This is when John’s anger grows from Elizabeth incessantly mentioning things about him and Abigail Williams. He wants her to know that he will never commit adultery again.
-Significance: This shows that John Proctor is now a changed man.
“A dress?”
-Who said it: Abigail Williams
-Meaning: Abigail says this statement very innocently so that she will seem that way to others around her. She tries to act as if she will never do sinful things.
-Significance: This shows that Abigail has something to hide and she covers it up with a façade of beauty and innocence.
“Abby, I never give you hope to wait for me…Abby, you’ll put it out of mind. I’ll not be comin’ for you more”
-Who said it: John Proctor
-Meaning: John tells Abigail that he will no longer commit lechery with her and that he never lead her on. She should never think like that again.
-Significance: This shows that john realizes he has made a mistake and committed a sin and he wants to change. He does not want his wife to stay angry at him.
“You come so late I thought you’d gone to Salem this afternoon.”
-Who said it: Elizabeth Proctor
-Meaning: Elizabeth is inquiring that she expected john to be in Salem because that is where Abigail is. Elizabeth thinks that John still has relations with Abigail.
-Significance: This shows that Elizabeth still has a bit of mistrust in John.

Motif, Symbols, and Themes:
A motif is a usually recurring salient thematic element or a dominant idea or central theme. A motif that went along far in the play was execution. Many people got killed for their beliefs. Another motif could be expressed in the idea of lying. Everyone lied from the beginning to the end to either save their life or other lives.

A symbol is something that stands for or suggests something else by reason of relationship, association, convention, or accidental resemblance. One of the biggest symbols was society in general and how it also depicted the society from which Miller was from, in the mid 1900s. He lived during a time of the red scare and its madness was portrayed by the Salem Witch Trials.

A theme is the subject or topic of a particular piece of literature. A major theme with the play the crucible was chaos and hysteria. Through out the whole play, there was a constant fear of being “possessed” by witches. It caused so much panic that yelling in the streets frequently happened.

Conflicts (Internal/External)
There was an internal conflict in regards to Mary Warren. At first she had the decision to side with Abigail or the Proctors. That decision process was magnified due to the apprehension of Elizabeth Proctor. Now Mary Warren faced the dilemma of being true to herself or trying to save herself from witchcraft.

John Proctor had an internal conflict based on society’s judgment. He did not know whether to admit his sin of committing adultery with Abigail Williams or keep quiet. He was afraid of what society might label him as. Eventually, that did not matter as he wanted to bring down Abigail’s social integrity so her lies could not be brought any further.

There is an external conflict between Elizabeth Proctor and Abigail Williams. Their constant bickering over John Proctor spilled over into the public’s eye. Abigail wanted the affair with John to go on, but Elizabeth wanted it to stop. Abigail got very much enraged that she tried to have Elizabeth killed by accusing her of being a witch. Thus, she could have John all for herself. However, the story ended up that Abigail ran away, Elizabeth lived, but John died.

There is an external conflict between John Proctor and Abigail Williams. There is big tension between the two characters through out the play. Abigail wants the two to be attached while John does not want to associate with her. John hates her character so much that he wants her to be disregarded from society. The conflict ends by the two going their separate ways with no remorse.

Literary Devices
The Crucible is considered to be both an allegory and a satire. There is much symbolism to the Salem Witch Trials and the McCarthy era of the 20th century. However, it is a satire for how crazy and stupid society acted during the 1950s just because of propaganda. Miller made fun of the 1950s by having character going beyond lengths and doing outrageous things like seeing invisible objects to prove the chaos that erupted based on speculation.


So What?
Miller wrote “The Crucible” during the time when Americans were accusing people of being a communist. This book is important because it shows how propaganda and finger pointing can lead to panic and that in society we tend to blame other people to get out of trouble. Also, the theme of this book is standing up for the truth and getting over misfortune (shown through the character John Proctor). From this work of literature, it reminds us that people are not perfect, and that we can make mistakes. Even though we make mistakes, we can make amends by making what is wrong right again.

Japanese Internment Camps

After the attacks on Pearl Harbor, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed “Executive Order 9066 Law”. This allowed military commanders to designate military areas. This meant that all people of Japanese ancestry were excluded from the Pacific Coast, unless they were in internment camps. Anyone that was at least one eighth Japanese were eligible for these camps. A total of over 7,000 Japanese Americans and Japanese from Latin America were held in the camps, which were run by the Immigration and Naturalization Serve (INS). Eight of the twenty seven U.S. Department of Justice Camps held Japanese Americans. 2,210 persons of Japanese ancestry were held in these camps. After the war, 1400 persons were not allowed to return to Latin America and more than nine 900 Japanese Peruvians were deported to Japan. The Exclusion order was rescinded on January 2nd, 1945. Freed internees were given twenty five dollars and a train ticket to their former home. The last internment camp was closed in 1946.

Important Dates

March 2nd, 1942 – General DeWitt issues Public Proclamation No. 1. This informed Japanese Americans they would have to be at least 100 miles from the Pacific Coast.
March 11th, 1942 – Executive Order 9095 created the Office of the Alien Property Custodian, and gave it discretionary authority over all alien property interests.
March 24th, 1942 – Public Proclamation No. 3 declares an 8 pm to 6 am curfew for “all enemy aliens and all persons of Japanese ancestry” within the military areas.
March 27th, 1942 – General DeWitt’s Proclamation No. 4 prohibits all those of Japanese ancestry from leaving “Military Area No. 1”.
May 3rd, 1942 – General DeWitt issues Civilian Exclusion Order No. 346, ordering all people of Japanese ancestry to report to assembly centers, where they would live until being moved to permanent “Relocation Centers”.


Rappaccini’s Daughter by Nathaniel Hawthorne

Major Characters Rappaccini- is a scientist who grows plants in a garden that have poisonous toxins in them. The flowers are beautiful on the outside and release dangerous toxins. Just like the flowers Rappaccini has a daughter named Beatrice who is very beautiful as well. He is a scientist with bad motifs using his daughter for his experiments. Beatrice- the daughter of Rappaccini who is a strange character seen in a garden piking flowers. Although she seems quiet and quite tranquil she has a dangerous secret inside of her. Giovanni- a scholar who goes to Padua, Italy to study at the University. This is the main protagonist of the short story who falls in love with the girl from the garden, Beatrice. Giovanni learns more about Beatrice secret as he continues to see her each day. Baglioni- is considered a foil to Rappaccini. Baglioni a good friend to Giovanni’s father acts like a father towards Giovanni in consulting him about the dangers of Beatrice and the intentions of Rappaccini himself. Brief SummaryThis is a short story written by Nathaniel Hawthorne that tells the story of a man named Giovanni who falls in love with a strange girl named Beatrice. The young girl the daughter of Rappaccini is subject to the mad scientists experiments on poisonous flowers. As Giovanni comes more into contact with Beatrice he learns more about her secrets and what the flowers in the garden possess. ThemeGood vs. Evil is a theme that is greatly used in this story. Rappaccini is considered a sort of antagonist who causes the poisonous flowers to affect everyone else. Unlike Rappaccini, Baglioni is the complete opposite who helps out Giovanni and is not ambitious like Rappaccini. Symbols Beatrice is a symbol of indirect evil disguised as beauty. Although she never temps Giovanni she represents how evil can manifest itself into a beautiful figure that can attract its victims. Just like a flower with beautiful petal patterns and captivating scents they capture their prey by fooling them into coming closer. Though, Beatrice is not intentionally trying to hurt anyone. ConflictsInternal conflict where Baglioni and Giovanni speak about how dangerous Beatrice is and her father Rappaccini. Giovanni keeps this argument inside of him contemplating on how Beatrice can be someone dangerous. External conflict is when Giovanni figures out that Beatrice is toxic and that she is not safe to be near to. So what?We read this story to learn about temptation and how evil is manifested into beauty and uses this as a weapon to attract victims. This is significant in showing how someone is not always what they are. Learning about someone and learning their secrets can lead to surprises. Giovanni loved Beatrice and that love was sort of transferred by the toxin from Beatrice. They both would share the same poison and feel the same for each other. One thing that can be learned from this is that love gives to each partner something similar to use and share.

The Minister’s Black Veil by Nathaniel Hawthorne

Major CharactersReverend Hooper- is the nice, tranquil minister of a village that begins to wear a black veil to cover his face. He does this because he accidentally murdered his best friend. Hooper feels the need to wear the veil to cover his face from the world and from god because he is ashamed of himself. The people of the town see him as a scary image and feel uncomfortable with him wearing the black veil. Elizabeth- Reverend Hooper’s fiancée who cares about him. Since Hooper does not want to take of his veil she leaves him, because she cannot seem to comprehend what causes the pain to Hooper. Reverend Clark- the man who tries to convince Hooper to remove his veil on his deathbed. Clark uses lots of references to God and how he must remove his black veil to rest in peace. Brief Summary-Reverend Hooper a minister who accidentally killed his friend now wears a black veil to hide his face from the rest of the people. The story shows Hooper go into many village events such as weddings and funerals and seeing the reactions of the people. The people of the village have intertwined ideas about what is happening to the minister. His own fiancée Elizabeth pleads him to remove his veil but refuses to do so. The story ends with his death in the bed and never for once wanting to remove the veil. Even when Reverend Clark pleads him to remove it he refuses and dies with the veil on. On his burial service he is buried with the black veil on his face. Symbols-The Black Veil- represents shame, sin, secrets, unhappiness. The veil as used by the minister is meant to prevent others to see his face because he feels that his face is unworthy of being by the village people. The veil also represent an evil image surrounding a good person. This ties in with evil disguising itself as beauty and it can also be good disguised as evil as well. Internal conflict- there is one conflict between the reverend Hooper and himself. He troubles with the murder of his own friend that he wears a black veil to remind himself of the wrong that he has caused. He refuses to take off the veil when is told to do so. External conflict- is between the village people and the reverend. The people see him as a bad image and feel uncomfortable with it. Either way they still adore him, but want him to remove the veil.

So What?The point of reading this short story was to see how changing ones appearance can lead to huge differences in how people react to the change. In society this change can happen when people feel threatened or have done something wrong that can actually cause this.

Communism and 20th century Notes
-Communism was major force in politics. It wanted to destroy capitalism.
-Socialism is when public companies are owned together with many people. It was designed for equality for everyone. It was compared with communism.
-The word “crucible” means a test or trial.
-Josef Stalin was ruler of Soviet Union for over 25 years.
-Karl Marx was considered the father of communism.
-Joseph McCarthy was one of the fathers of the Red Scare of the 1950s. He accused 205 people of being communists. Led a big investigation to convict 57 of them. He lost credibility as a result.
-The HUAC was a committee of the U.S. that was eventually designed to seek out communists.
-The Hollywood Blacklists was a list of professionals who were not allowed to work due to their public political affiliations .Highlighted by the Hollywood Ten.
-The Cold War was the international struggle between the Soviet Union and the United States for world dominance.
-Hysteria of the Salem Witch Trials was started because of an ongoing frontier war, economic conditions, congregational strife, teenage boredom, and personal jealousies.
-The Crucible differs from the actual Salem Witch trials by the book saying that John Proctor and Abigail Williams had an affair, when actually that never happened in real life.
-Similarities between the Red Scare and the Salem Witch Trials are: violent and cruel events, wrongfully accused people, and a system which demonstrated order and conformity.
-McCarthyism made national headlines due to the boldness of McCarthy himself of blatantly naming people of being communists. McCarthyism was all about hyping up anti-communism.
-Walter Winchill invented the gossip column and permanently altered journalism.
-The Rosenburgs were a couple who were killed due to the fact they accused of being communist spies.
-Roy Cohn was a lawyer who died form AIDS in 1986. He was also accused of being a homosexual.
Propaganda- refers to certain demographics and makes us feel a certain way
Bandwagon- since everyone is doing it, you should too!
Everyone is wearing skinny jeans now. Don’t you want to be apart of the in-crowd fashion of the world?
Testimonial- famous people are paid to advertise and go in on a cause.
Shaq and Ben Stein want you to be a good player and smart when you…
Plain Folks- make a candidate or cause identity with common everyday people
Keep voting for Mayor Menino; he lives in Boston and shops at Stop&Shop
Transfer- images, quotes, or symbols of famous people are used to convey an unrelated message
Trust the Midas touch and…
Fear- uses something that instills fear, but also gives a solution you should partake in to fix it
Get health insurance because you wouldn’t want to pass away unprepared; we can help.
Logical Fallacies- there is an accurate premises, but an inaccurate conclusion
1- Bill Clinton supports gun control
2- Communist regimes support gun control
3- Bill Clinton is a communist
Glittering Generalities- related to transfer, rights, values, and accepted virtues used to stir up emotions
You owe it to yourself and to your family- Jim Sokolove- I’ll give you the rights you deserve
Name-calling- opposite of glittering generalities, links a person or cause to something negative
In a campaign, you claim you care, and the other person is too “cold-hearted”
From The Crucible (Handout)
Slogans- more easily remembered
Subway- eat fresh
Repetition- to stay in a person’s mind
Flashcards
Loaded Words- feeling words used to get an emotion
Peace, choice, patriotism
Powerful Images- their emotion associations that tend to make us feel good
Gardens, rainbows, babies…
Appeals to Fear- If you do not do a certain thing, something that you fear can happen
Bandwagon of fears
Appeals to basic needs/desires- in order to survive, we also have emotional needs
Needs to be loved, cared for, and have meaningful work.